Abstract
This chapter concludes the fifth part of the book with a critical exploration of the concept of citizenship. It finds progressive possibilities in the inclusionary dimension of citizenship and its implicit rejection of structured inequalities. On the other hand, it criticizes the exclusionary and nation-centred assumptions of much contemporary citizenship discourse. Although sceptical that people can develop a ‘post-national’ conception of citizenship, it concludes that the effort may well be worth the candle given the term's ‘tremendous rhetorical power and sometimes progressive history’. The discussion tackles two questions. The first is the question of who gets to be counted as belonging among the community of citizens to which this literature refers. This is a question concerning the class of citizenship's subjects. The other is the related question of where citizenship should be understood to take place.