Abstract
Selective receptor modulators, such as the antiprogestin RU486, are known to exhibit partial agonist activities in a cell-type-dependent manner. Employing an
in vitro
chromatin transcription system that recapitulates progesterone receptor (PR)-mediated transcription
in vivo
, we have investigated the molecular basis by which the antiprogestin RU486 regulates transcription in a cell-type-specific manner. We have compared the effects of RU486 on PR-dependent transcription
in vitro
using T47D and HeLa cell nuclear extracts. RU486 exhibits a differential ability to activate transcription within these two cell types. The differential effect on transcription correlates with different ratios of endogenous coactivators/corepressors in these cells. Unlike agonist-bound PR that interacts only with coactivators such as steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1), RU486-bound PR binds to both coactivator SRC-1 and corepressor silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT)
in vitro
. Both SRC-1 and SMRT have the capacity to modulate RU486-dependent activity. Moreover, a change in the relative levels of SRC-1 and SMRT contained in our chromatin transcription system modulates agonist/antagonist effects of RU486 on transcription by PR. Our data indicate that the ability of RU486 to activate transcription is modulated by the ratio of coactivators to corepressors and substantiate the important roles of coregulators in the regulation of steroid receptor mediated transactivation in response to selective receptor modulators.