Congenital mirror movements: mutational analysis of RAD51 and DCC in 26 cases

Aurélie Méneret; Christel Depienne; Florence Riant; Oriane Trouillard; Delphine Bouteiller; Massimo Cincotta; Pierre Bitoun; Julia Wickert; Isabelle Lagroua; Ana Westenberger; Alessandra Borgheresi; Diane Doummar; Marcello Romano; Simone Rossi; Luc Defebvre; Linda De Meirleir; Alberto J Espay; Simona Fiori; Stephan Klebe; Chloé Quélin; Sabine Rudnik-Schöneborn; Ghislaine Plessis; Russell C Dale; Susan Sklower Brooks; Karolina Dziezyc; Pierre Pollak; Jean-Louis Golmard; Marie Vidailhet; Alexis Brice; Emmanuel Roze

doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000477

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Congenital mirror movements: mutational analysis of RAD51 and DCC in 26 cases

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Congenital mirror movements: mutational analysis of RAD51 and DCC in 26 cases

Aurélie Méneret, Christel Depienne, Florence Riant, Oriane Trouillard, Delphine Bouteiller, Massimo Cincotta, Pierre Bitoun, Julia Wickert, Isabelle Lagroua, Ana Westenberger, …

Neurology, Vol.82(22), pp.1999-2002

06/03/2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000477

PMCID: PMC4105259

PMID: 24808016

Abstract

Carrier Proteins - genetics

Codon, Nonsense

DCC Receptor

DNA Mutational Analysis

Humans

Movement Disorders - genetics

Mutation - genetics

Mutation, Missense

Pedigree

Receptors, Cell Surface - genetics

Severity of Illness Index

Tumor Suppressor Proteins - genetics

We screened a large series of individuals with congenital mirror movements (CMM) for mutations in the 2 identified causative genes, DCC and RAD51. We studied 6 familial and 20 simplex CMM cases. Each patient had a standardized neurologic assessment. Analysis of DCC and RAD51 coding regions included Sanger sequencing and a quantitative method allowing detection of micro rearrangements. We then compared the frequency of rare variants predicted to be pathogenic by either the PolyPhen-2 or the SIFT algorithm in our population and in the 4,300 controls of European origin on the Exome Variant Server. We found 3 novel truncating mutations of DCC that segregate with CMM in 4 of the 6 families. Among the 20 simplex cases, we found one exonic deletion of DCC, one DCC mutation leading to a frameshift, 5 missense variants in DCC, and 2 missense variants in RAD51. All 7 missense variants were predicted to be pathogenic by one or both algorithms. Statistical analysis showed that the frequency of variants predicted to be deleterious was significantly different between patients and controls (p < 0.001 for both RAD51 and DCC). Mutations and variants in DCC and RAD51 are strongly associated with CMM, but additional genes causing CMM remain to be discovered.

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Title: Congenital mirror movements: mutational analysis of RAD51 and DCC in 26 cases
Creators: Aurélie Méneret - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Christel Depienne - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Florence Riant - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Oriane Trouillard - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Delphine Bouteiller - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Massimo Cincotta - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Pierre Bitoun - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Julia Wickert - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Isabelle Lagroua - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Ana Westenberger - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Alessandra Borgheresi - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Diane Doummar - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Marcello Romano - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Simone Rossi - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Luc Defebvre - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Linda De Meirleir - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Alberto J Espay - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Simona Fiori - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Stephan Klebe - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Chloé Quélin - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Sabine Rudnik-Schöneborn - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Ghislaine Plessis - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Russell C Dale - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Susan Sklower Brooks - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Karolina Dziezyc - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Pierre Pollak - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Jean-Louis Golmard - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Marie Vidailhet - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Alexis Brice - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Emmanuel Roze - From INSERM, U 975, and CNRS 7225-CRICM (A.M., C.D., O.T., D.B., I.L., M.V., A.B., E.R.), Département de Neurologie (A.M., M.V., E.R.), Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., A.B.), Banque d'ADN et de cellules (I.L.), Department of Biostatistics (J.-L.G.), and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences 1422 (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6 (A.M., C.D., M.V., A.B., E.R.), UMR_S 975, Paris; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM UMR_S740 (F.R.), Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.C., A.B.), Florence Health Authority, Italy; Génétique Médicale (P.B.), CHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France; Department of Human Genetics (J.W.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Service de Neuropédiatrie (D.D.), Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France; Unit of Neurology (M.R.), Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo; Department of Neuroscience (S.R.), Section of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Italy; Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement (L.D.), Neurologie A, Hopital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, EA 1046, Lille, France; Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism (L.D.M.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (S.F.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Service de Génétique Clinique (C.Q.), Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France; Institute for Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Service de Génétique (G.P.), CHU Clémenceau, Caen, F
Publication Details: Neurology, Vol.82(22), pp.1999-2002
Date published: 06/03/2014
Academic Unit: Pediatrics - Medical Genetics (RWJMS)
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Identifiers: 991031664311504646