Abstract
The problem of observer design is addressed for output-injection nonlinear systems. A major difficulty with this class of systems is that the state equation involves an output-dependent term that is explicitly dependent on unknown parameters. As the output is only accessible to measurement at sampling times, the output-dependent term turns out to be (almost all time) subject to a double uncertainty, making previous adaptive observers inappropriate. Presently, a new hybrid adaptive observer is designed and shown to be exponentially convergent under ad-hoc conditions.