Abstract
Kinetic models of trace-element bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms are based on a simple conceptual model in which the concentration of an element in a single-compartment organism is controlled by the balance between uptake, elimination, and growth. The physiological processes involved in trace-element trophic transfer are discussed, along with the quantification of these processes and their application to the study of trace-element bioaccumulation. The physiological processes examined include assimilation efficiency, and trace-element efflux rate, ingestion rates, and growth rates in aquatic invertebrates. Recommendations are proposed of specific informational needs for model improvement.