Abstract
This is the original version of a chapter written for: Computational Models of Brain and Behavior. Edited by A. Moustafa. New York, Wiley/Blackwell (2016). The length originally specified by the editors was 15,000 words. Long after this version was submitted, new commissioning editors at Wiley decreed that all the chapters had to be shortened to 7,000 words. To reduce the chapter to that length required substantial rewriting and the elimination of all of the computational details. We post this for those who want to see computational details. KEYWORDS minimum description length maximum entropy assignment of credit partial reinforcement extinction stochastic models real-‐time